Brown fat activation mediates cold-induced thermogenesis in adult humans in response to a mild decrease in ambient temperature
KY Chen, RJ Brychta, JD Linderman… - The Journal of …, 2013 - academic.oup.com
KY Chen, RJ Brychta, JD Linderman, S Smith, A Courville, W Dieckmann, P Herscovitch…
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013•academic.oup.comContext: The contribution of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to the energy balance in humans
exposed to sustainable cold has not been completely established, partially because of
measurement limitations of both BAT activity and energy expenditure (EE). Objective: The
objective of the study was to characterize the role of BAT activation in cold-induced
thermogenesis (CIT). Design: This study was a single-blind, randomized crossover
intervention. Setting: The study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical …
exposed to sustainable cold has not been completely established, partially because of
measurement limitations of both BAT activity and energy expenditure (EE). Objective: The
objective of the study was to characterize the role of BAT activation in cold-induced
thermogenesis (CIT). Design: This study was a single-blind, randomized crossover
intervention. Setting: The study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical …
Context
The contribution of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to the energy balance in humans exposed to sustainable cold has not been completely established, partially because of measurement limitations of both BAT activity and energy expenditure (EE).
Objective
The objective of the study was to characterize the role of BAT activation in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT).
Design
This study was a single-blind, randomized crossover intervention.
Setting
The study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.
Study Participants
Thirty-one healthy volunteers participated in the study.
Interventions
The intervention included mild cold exposure.
Main Outcomes
CIT and BAT activation were the main outcomes in this study.
Methods
Overnight EE measurement by whole-room indirect calorimeter at 24°C or 19°C was followed by 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan. After 36 hours, volunteers crossed over to the alternate study temperature under identical conditions. BAT activity was measured in a 3-dimensional region of interest in the upper torso by comparing the uptake at the two temperatures.
Results
Twenty-four volunteers (14 males, 10 females) had a complete data set. When compared with 24°C, exposure at 19°C resulted in increased EE (5.3 ± 5.9%, P < .001), indicating CIT response and mean BAT activity (10.5 ± 11.1%, P < .001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that a difference in BAT activity (P < .001), age (P = .01), and gender (P = .037) were independent contributors to individual variability of CIT.
Conclusions
A small reduction in ambient temperature, within the range of climate-controlled buildings, is sufficient to increase human BAT activity, which correlates with individual CIT response. This study uncovers for the first time a spectrum of BAT activation among healthy adults during mild cold exposure not previously recognized by conventional PET and PET-computed tomography methods. The enhancement of cold-induced BAT stimulation may represent a novel environmental strategy in obesity treatment.
Oxford University Press